Ther are any crusial problem in Indonesia that must be solved tactically, that is the education. The education have an important role to smarting all of the citizens. There are no discrimination to the education chance. The right of every individual to education, as recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is strongly rooted in the right to literacy(UNESCO 2003).
The founding father awared since the earliest this country was build-up. It can be seem at the UUD RI that government must have efforts to make their citizens in intelligent condition (Pendidikan itu Hak, bukan Kewajiban ! 2006). More over, the world had held the fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a Resolution (Resolution A/RES/54/122 of 20 January 2000) to consider proclaiming a United Nations Literacy Decade. Basic education division of UNESCO at Sevres, France, on 27 until 29 March 2000 launched framework of Education for All (EFA) (UNESCO 2003). The finally, UNESCO Basic Education Division, the UNESCO Institute of Education (UIE), the International Literacy Institute (ILI), ISESCO, Action Aid, and SIDA organised a special strategy session called "Literacy for All: A Renewed Vision for a Ten-year Action Plan".
The founding father awared since the earliest this country was build-up. It can be seem at the UUD RI that government must have efforts to make their citizens in intelligent condition (Pendidikan itu Hak, bukan Kewajiban ! 2006). More over, the world had held the fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a Resolution (Resolution A/RES/54/122 of 20 January 2000) to consider proclaiming a United Nations Literacy Decade. Basic education division of UNESCO at Sevres, France, on 27 until 29 March 2000 launched framework of Education for All (EFA) (UNESCO 2003). The finally, UNESCO Basic Education Division, the UNESCO Institute of Education (UIE), the International Literacy Institute (ILI), ISESCO, Action Aid, and SIDA organised a special strategy session called "Literacy for All: A Renewed Vision for a Ten-year Action Plan".
Ther are intersting fact about the history of education in the world. In reallity, we are still the remember the theory about stone age. The people who live in stone age success learned a live education by learned natural phenomena by him self. In science education, it had increased significant by the time. Early Mesopotamian cities carbon-date back 7,000 years. The Sumerians wrote on clay tablets with pictographic signs almost 6,000 years ago. The Jewish calendar dates back 5,758 years. Sumerian cuneiform writing replaced pictographs about 5,500 years ago and metal coins replaced barley as money. Numbers were used in Egypt. Pepi's papyrus contains Instructions to a Son. The Egyptians introduced the modern 365-day calendar 4,770 years ago, and the Sumerian numerical system was based on multiples of 6 and 12. Egypt's first libraries date back 4.500 years (Grunn 1991, 2-5)( Newman, M Renee, 1998). It is always increasing until the dark age, renaissance, and so the modern live.
Not only formal education but also informal education have been creating and conditioning to supply facilities to their citizens. However, what is the most important between formal and informal education?
A formal education program is the process of training and developing people in knowledge, skills, mind, and character in a structured and certified program ( SIL International 1999). SD (elementery school), SMP (junior high school), SMA (senior high school), and University or Institute are the example of formal education program. Except get knowledges, students also get certification from the nation which can be used to seeking the job atu melanjutkan studi.. Informal education can explained as an education which takes place outside of the formally organized school and refer to adult literacy and continuing education especially for adult. In this case, students don’t get formal certification if they have graduated ( SIL International 1999). Except it, informal education is not compulsory and not included in wajar (wajib belajar 9 tahun), the policy to increase intelegencies. But, the government support it inderectly with the permissional policy. There are four characteristics came be associated with non-formal education:
• Relevance to the needs of disadvantaged groups.
• Concern with specific categories of person.
• A focus on clearly defined purposes.
• Flexibility in organization and methods (Fordham 1993)
In Indonesia, the people generally is more believe in formal education to set up the person who ready for the labour. Many countries were finding it difficult (politically or economically) to pay for the expansion of formal education(Mark K. Smith 1996).
REFERENCES :
1. SIL International 1999, “Formal versus non formal education”, Lingua Links Library, Page content last modified: 1 October 1999.
2. Smith, Mark K 1996, “Non-Formal Education”, infed, Last update: October 23, 2007.
3. Fordham, P. E. (1993) 'Informal, non-formal and formal education programmes' in YMCA.
4. UNESCO 2003, United Nation Literacy Decade 2003-2012, France.
5. Newman, M Renee 1998, “A HISTORY OF FORMAL EDUCATION”, p.4
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